Mark related that it was there that one of his disciples, Judas, betrayed Jesus to the Jewish authorities so that he was arrested. After celebrating the Passover meal (which would become the Christian ritual of the Last Supper), Jesus and the disciples walked to the Mount of Olives to pray. According to Mark, it is this event that led to the death of Jesus.
Jesus then went to the Temple Mount and disrupted the services of the animal-sellers and the money-changers. Jesus and his disciples traveled to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover festival. He called twelve disciples (students) to constitute his inner circle, symbolizing the restoration of the twelve tribes of Israel.īeginning with Mark, the gospels relate that the Jewish leadership (mainly the Pharisees, scribes, and ultimately the Sadducees who were in charge of the Temple) was opposed to the teachings of Jesus from the very beginning of the ministry. According to Mark, Jesus taught through parables, which utilized everyday concepts and details to teach through examples. Mark's Jesus traveled through the small towns and villages of Galilee, bringing his message that the prophets' prediction of the final days was imminent. 70 CE), presented Jesus as a charismatic exorcist, an itinerant preacher understood to have special gifts from God, operating through God's spirit, like the Prophets of Israel. He called twelve disciples (students) to constitute his inner circle, symbolizing the restoration of the twelve tribes of Israel. The claim was presented as "good news" thus the later Anglo- Saxon term of 'gospel'. During the 20s CE, he proclaimed the message: "Repent, for the kingdom of God is at hand" ( Mark 1.15). The followers of Jesus of Nazareth became one more sect of Jews among many at the time. The usual method of execution was crucifixion, the Roman punishment for treason as preaching a kingdom that was not Rome threatened the prosperity and stability of the Roman Empire. Rome's response was to arrest and execute both the leader and his followers. These men stirred up the crowds during religious festivals in Jerusalem, calling on God to destroy the Romans and establish his kingdom.
Israel produced several charismatic messiah claimants, all calling for God's intervention against Roman rule. This was done at the Temple complex in Jerusalem.īy the 1st century CE, there were many Jewish groups (sects) that maintained the traditions of Israel but varied in their lifestyles and attitude toward Rome and infamous for their debates among each other. The other major difference was that while recognizing the various deities in the universe, they were only permitted to offer sacrifices to their God. They shared many religious elements with their neighbors but differed by having distinct dietary laws, practicing circumcision, and observing Sabbath (a day of rest every seven days). Collectively, they were known as the nation of Israel. The Jews were an ethnic group of various tribes who lived mainly in Israel but also settled in communities around the Mediterranean Basin.
A popular title became his designation as the "son of God", both in function and nature. "Jesus the Christ" became shortened over time to Jesus Christ, beginning with the letters of Paul in the 50s and 60s of the 1st century CE. 'Messiah' meant "anointed one" where anointing was part of the coronation ritual by God for Jewish kings. 'Christ' (Greek: Christos) was translated from the Hebrew meshiach (messiah). The proper name Jesus was Greek for the Hebrew Joshua ("he who saves"). He preached the imminent intervention in human affairs by the God of the Jews, when God would establish his kingdom on earth. 30 CE), who was an itinerant Jewish prophet from the Galilee in northern Israel. Jesus Christ is the designation of Jesus of Nazareth (d.
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